Key result
Childhood ADHD links to smaller HR responses to feedback and decreased HRV during reward tasks.
Why the study?
Dysfunctional reinforcement systems are implicated in ADHD, but heart rate responses to reward and feedback in children with ADHD are not well understood.
Do children with ADHD exhibit different heart rate responses and variability to reinforcement feedback compared to controls?
Cross-Sectional
Do children with ADHD exhibit different heart rate responses and variability to reinforcement feedback compared to controls?
Children with ADHD show abnormal heart rate responses to feedback and motivational deficits when external reinforcement is absent.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Smaller HRRs and reinforcement-dependent HRV in ADHD suggest feedback monitoring issues; leaves open whether motivational deficits drive core symptoms.
BACKGROUND: Both theoretical and clinical accounts of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) implicate a dysfunctional reinforcement system. This study investigated heart rate parameters in response to feedback associated with reward and response cost in ADHD children and controls aged 8 to 12. METHODS: Heart rate responses (HRRs) following feedback and heart rate variability (HRV) in the low frequency band (.04-.08 Hz), a measure of mental effort, were calculated during a time production paradigm. Performance was coupled to monetary gain, loss or feedback-only in a cross-over design. RESULTS: Children with ADHD exhibited smaller HRRs to feedback compared to controls. HRV of children with ADHD decreased when performance was coupled to reward or response cost compared to feedback-only. HRV of controls was similar across conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ADHD were characterised by (a) possible abnormalities in feedback monitoring and (b) motivational deficits, when no external reinforcement is present.
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Luman et al. (2007) conducted a cross-sectional in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) vs. Controls was evaluated on Heart rate responses (HRRs) following feedback and heart rate variability (HRV). Children with ADHD exhibited smaller heart rate responses to feedback compared to controls, and their heart rate variability decreased when performance was coupled to reward or response cost.
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