Key result
VE and EMG feedback reduces minute ventilation by ~5% versus control in trained runners.
Why the study?
The effects of ventilatory and EMG feedback on cardiorespiratory and muscular activity during treadmill running just below ventilatory threshold were not well characterized.
Does VE and EMG feedback reduce ventilation during steady state treadmill running in trained males compared to distraction or control conditions?
RCT (n=12)
Counterbalanced
Does VE and EMG feedback reduce ventilation during steady state treadmill running in trained males compared to distraction or control conditions?
Absolute Event Rate: 83.2% vs 87.8%
Behavioral interventions like biofeedback can exert a measurable reduction in ventilation during steady-state treadmill running in trained runners.
May attenuate ventilatory demand in trained runners; hypothesis-generating and leaves open performance or clinical translation.
HATFIELD, B. D., T. W. SPALDING, A. D. MAHON, B. A. SLATER, E. B. BRODY, and P. VACCARO. The effect of psychological strategies upon cardiorespiratory and muscular activity during treadmill running. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 218–225, 1992. Twelve aerobically trained males (age 22 ± 1.3 yr, range 18–31) were studied to determine the effects of VE and EMG feedback upon cardiorespiratory and muscular activity during one segment of a continuous 36-min bout of treadmill running just below ventilatory threshold (VT). Ventilatory, metabolic, cardiovascular, RPE, and EMG variables recorded during a 12-min feedback segment were compared with those observed during 12-min attentional distraction and control conditions. The three treatments were counterbalanced. Mean V̇O2 (2987 ml.min–1) remained constant across the three periods as did V̇CO2 (3102 ml.min–1), HR (168 bpm), RQ (0.95), and O2 pulse (18.5 ml. beat–1). However, V̇E was significantly reduced during feedback (Fb) as compared with both the distraction (D) and control (C) conditions (mean ± SE: 83.2 ± 3.6 vs 86.6 ± 4.2 and 87.8 ± 4.2 1.min–1, respectively). This effect was marked by a reduction in respiratory rate (RR) (41.1 ± 2.1 vs 44.5 ± 1.9 and 46.8 ± 1.9 breaths.min–1 for Fb, D, and C, respectively) and an increase in tidal volume (TV) (2115 ± 144 vs 1904 ± 110 and 2020 ± 102 ml.breath–1 for Fb, D, and C, respectively). These changes resulted in significant reductions in V̇E/V̇O2 (26.5 ± 0.7 vs 28.9 ± 1.0 and 28.3 ± 0.9 ratio magnitudes), V̇E/V̇O2 (28.1 ± 0.8 vs 30.2 ± 1.0 and 29.7 ± 1.0 ratio magnitudes), and PETO2 (105.5 ± 1.0 vs 108.4 ± 1.1 and 107.6 ± 1.2 mm Hg) during Fb as compared with D and C, respectively. A concomitant increase in PETCO2 (42.3 ± 1.2 vs. 40.3 ± 1.4 and 40.8 ± 1.5 mm Hg for Fb, D, and C, respectively) was also detected. RPE was reduced during both feedback (12.5 ± 0.5) and distraction (12.5 ± 0.7) relative to the control condition (13.4 ± 0.6). Trapezius and forearm IEMG were unchanged across conditions. These findings indicate that a behavioral intervention during steady state treadmill running just below VT can exert a measurable reduction in ventilation in trained runners.
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Hatfield et al. (1992) conducted an RCT in Healthy aerobically trained (n=12). VE and EMG feedback vs. Attentional distraction and control conditions was evaluated on Minute ventilation (VE) in l.min-1. VE and EMG feedback during steady-state treadmill running significantly reduced minute ventilation (83.2 vs 87.8 l/min) compared to control conditions in trained male runners.
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