Key result
CAD incidence reaches ~221 per 10,000 patients, strongly linked to advanced age and male sex.
Why the study?
Coronary artery disease remains a significant cause of death and morbidity globally, and determining its incidence and major risk factors in the Saudi population is crucial for prevention.
Cohort (n=1,364)
No
This study highlights a high incidence of CAD and its associated risk factors in a Saudi Arabian hospital, emphasizing the need for community-based prevention efforts.
Supports known age/sex associations with CAD; leaves open true pandemic effects on incidence.
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a significant cause of death and morbidity in people globally despite advances in treatment. Prevention of CAD risk factors is crucial to reducing its prevalence. We conducted this study to determine the incidence of CAD from 2019 to 2020 in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and its major risk factors among this population. Method This retrospective study involved all patients diagnosed with CAD at KAUH in 2019 and 2020. We analyzed validated hospital data to determine the incidence of CAD and identify the risk factors among participants. The incidence of CAD was calculated based on the total number of patients admitted to KAUH by gender, age group, and nationality (Saudi/non-Saudi). Result The study included 1,364 patients with a mean age of 49 years. Most patients were men (n=1,050; 77%), with fewer women (n=314; 23%), and 71.2% were non-Saudi. The incidence of CAD in 2019 was 220.98 per 10,000, and the incidence in 2020 was 3,030.52 per 10,000. However, the incidence for 2020 was confounded by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-related restrictions affecting hospital admissions. The most common diagnosis was acute transmural myocardial infarction, and patients aged <60 years had a significantly high incidence of hypertension, high total cholesterol levels, low low-density lipoprotein levels, and high triglyceride levels. Patients ≥60 years had a significantly high incidence of chronic kidney disease, low hemoglobin levels, history of ischemic heart disease, and intensive care unit or critical care unit admission. Conclusion The study demonstrated a significant rise in CAD incidence associated with advanced age and male sex. Further prevention and control of these risk factors would be essential to decrease the incidence of CAD. A national community-based prevention effort should be implemented to avoid the expected CAD epidemic in KSA.
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Albeladi et al. (2022) conducted a cohort in Coronary Artery Disease (n=1,364). Cardiovascular risk factors (advanced age, male sex, hypertension, diabetes) vs. Patients without these risk factors was evaluated on Incidence of coronary artery disease. The incidence of coronary artery disease was 220.89 per 10,000 patients in 2019, with a significant rise in 2020 confounded by COVID-19 restrictions, and was strongly associated with advanced age and male sex.
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