In this paper, we present KarstNSim 2.0, an upgraded version of the pseudo-genetic method and software KarstNSim for stochastic simulation of discrete karst networks in 3D. Leveraging recently acquired data and new karstogenetic studies on the Barrois Plateau in Meuse (France), our updated method now includes features to account for ghost-rock karstogenesis and model maze patterns with loops in the karst network topology. KarstNSim 2.0 also proposes to simulate the dimensions of conduits by incorporating karstology-driven spatial trends, ghost-rock influence and residual noise. KarstNSim 2.0 is demonstrated on the Barrois Plateau in Meuse, a large region with a complex history of polyphasic karstification, spanning over multiple spatio-temporal phases, each with their specific boundary conditions and karst morphologies. The realization consistency is ensured by a morphological comparison with real networks.
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Gouy et al. (2026) studied this question.
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