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Explores the persistence of African ethnic identity among the enslaved in North America, the Caribbean, and South America over four hundred years of the Atlantic slave trade. Investigates such issues as who profited from the Atlantic slave trade, how Africans were defined and named by slave traders, and how the enslaved identified themselves. Traces the linguistic, economic, and cultural ties shared by large numbers of enslaved Africans.
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Gwendolyn Midlo Hall (2006) studied this question.
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