Studies were conducted on the growth and mortality parameters, recruitment pattern, probability of capture, yield-per recruit, and present rate of exploitation of the African river prawn, Macrobrachium vollenhovenii from Dawhenya impoundment, Ghana.Estimation of the von Bertalanffy growth parameters gave; L ∞ = 14.2 cm, K = 1.0 yr -1 , and t o = -0.195yr -1 with the growth performance index, Ф' of 2.303.From the linearised length-converted catch curve, total mortality, Z was 5.36 yr -1 .Natural mortality, M calculated from Pauly's empirical formula was 2.20 yr -1 and fishing mortality, F calculated from Z -M was 3.16 yr -1 .From the mortality estimations, the present rate of exploitation, E calculated from F/Z was 0.59 indicating that, the species is on the verge of being over-exploited in the impoundment.Using the estimated value of the growth coefficient, K, the longevity was found to be about 3 yrs.Estimations from the probability of capture routines gave the length-at-first capture, L c as 3.07 cm while the size distribution of the catches suggest two recruitment pulses in a year.It is therefore recommended that, the property right-based system for fisheries management should be implemented so that fishermen can cooperate in the management of the Macrobrachium fishery.