A general structure-factor formula for n-dimensionally modulated structures (n = 1, 2, ...) has been derived to have both density (or substitutional) and displacive modulations. This structure-factor formula covers any modulated structure described by a (3 + n)-dimensional space group. Future papers show the applications of this formula to one- and three-dimensional modulations.
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A. Yamamoto (1982) studied this question.