Effects of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) flower extracts on various inflammatory and bone apposition biomarkers during orthodontic tooth movement: An experimental animal study

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Background: ) flower extract (RFE) can potentially be an adjuvant in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in the alveolar bone (AB) by regulating inflammatory response, and bone remodeling through tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), heat shock protein (HSP)-10, HSP-70, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin expression. Objective: To investigate TNF-α, NF-κB, HSP-10, HSP-70, ALP, and osteocalcin expression after RFE administration during OTM in the AB Materials and methods: Forty healthy male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into two groups, OTM group (K) and OTM with RFE group (KP). An 8-mm nickel-titanium closed coil spring and a ligature wire linked from the first upper left molar to the central incisor at a light force of 10 g. The rats received RFE administration using a blunt microneedle and a 0.01-ml dosage on the gingiva sulcus of a molar on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 and were then sacrificed, respectively. The ALP, osteocalcin, NFκβ, TNF-α, HSP-10, and HSP-70 expressions were analyzed immunohistochemically. Result: The highest HSP-70, NFκβ, and TNF-α expressions on the compression side of the AB found on day 1 were significantly different between the groups (p ≤ 0.05). The highest expressions of ALP and HSP-10 on the tension side were found on day 7. Meanwhile, the highest osteocalcin expression found on day 21 was significantly different between the groups (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: ).