A new overlay coupler has been realized at millimeter-wave frequency with an area that is less than one-half that of the Lange coupler. It was used to construct a binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulator, employing balanced reflection topology, in which the HBTs acted as switches. It was shown that the BPSK modulator could be modulated at 1 Gb/s at 28 GHz.
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Sun et al. (2004) studied this question.
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