Prosthesis Designs and Tuberosity Fixation Techniques in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Influence on Tuberosity Healing in Proximal Humerus Fractures

Figures

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  Figure 1. Six commercially available reverse fracture prosthesis designs: (1) Aequalis Reversed FX Tonier; (2) ReUnion Stryker; (3) Equinoxe Fracture Exactech; (4) Affinis Fracture Mathys; (5) Reverse Anatomical Shoulder Fracture system Zimmer; (6) Global Unite Reverse Fracture Depuy-Synthes.

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  Figure 2. Nice Knot technique. (A) A double-over suture is threaded around the tissue. (B) A single square knot is thrown. (C) The two free limbs are passed through the loop. (D) The knot is dressed. (E) The knot is tightened by pulling the two free limbs apart. (F) Three half-hitches are applied to secure the knot. Reprinted with permission from [88]. Copyright 2017. SLACKR.

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  Figure 3. Illustration of the cow hitch technique. A suture loop is created intra-articularly at the tendon-bone interface of the in-fraspinatus (A). The loop is passed through the medial calcar hole of the prosthetic stem (B). Two loops are created by folding the loop twice (C) and the two free limbs are fed through the double loop (D), creating a self-locking mechanism. A second ‘cow hitch’ is thrown (E). Reprinted with permission from [74]. Copyright 2021. Elsevier.

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  Figure 4. Turned suture tension band technique. Five sutures are passed through the suture hole of the humeral stem. Five sutures are turned clockwise and the other five are turned counter clockwise around the stem. Reprinted with permission from [82]. Copyright year 2021. Elsevier.