The long-term vascular complications of diabetes include retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and macrovascular disease.The outcomes are the following: d Visual impairment and blindness due to diabetic retinopathy.d Renal failure and hypertension due to diabetic nephropathy.d Pain, paresthesiae, muscle weakness, and autonomic dysfunction due to diabetic neuropathy.d Cardiac disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke due to macrovascular disease.
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Donaghue et al. (2007) studied this question.
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