Dispersal of land snails by sea storms

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

No facts seem to me so difficult as those connected with the dispersal of land Mollusca. Cepaea nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758), a land snail (shell diameter 18–25 mm) native to Western Europe, occupies a range of habitats including coastal dunes, deciduous woods, meadows and anthropogenic habitats such as hedgerows, gardens and open urban areas (Kerney, Cameron & Jungbluth, 1983). At the eastern and northern extremities of its range, most recorded populations come from anthropogenic habitats (Fig. 1). These can be attributed to accidental human transport followed by local dispersal (Dvořák & Honĕk, 2004; Cameron et al., 2011), although deliberate introductions outside the natural range are known in North America (Örstan & Cameron, 2015) and Europe (Ożgo, 2005). However, populations recorded from coastal habitats along the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea are an exception to this restriction to anthropogenic habitats (Riedel, 1988). These populations, many of which were first recorded in the 19th century, have been present longer than those recorded from urban areas inland. Their origins have so far not been explained.