Phytochemical screening and antibacterial susceptibility of whole plant of Euphorbia heterophylla crude extracts against selected bacteria pathogens

In this study, four solvents namely normal hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were used for the reflux extraction of whole plant of E. heterophylla successively and exhaustively. The phytochemicals present in the crude extracts were determined. The subjected to biochemical tests and molecular characterization for proper identification and antibacterial susceptibility of the crude extracts against selected clinical isolates were determined at varying concentrations of 40 diffusion. The MIC and MBC of the crude extracts were also determined. The study revealed that phytochemicals such as saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, steroids and reducing sugars were present in the crude extracts. The highest mean values of antibacterial susceptibility against S. typhimurium and E. coli were 23.33±0.33 and 17.33±0.33 at 100 mg/ml of the aqueous and methanol crude extracts respectively was no antibacterial activity with K. pneumoniae and P. fluorescens at varying concentrations. The MIC and MBC values of aqueous extract against S. typhimurium were 20 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml. The MIC values of aqueous and methanol extracts against values of 160 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml were recorded respectively. This suggests that aqueous crude extract have good antibacterial activity than the other crude extracts.