Nanocrystalline (∼15−20 nm) 3 mol % yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) powder is synthesized via sol−gel technique. A reduced activation energy value of ∼13.0 ± 0.9 kJ/mol is observed for grain growth in nano-3YSZ powder, within the calcination temperature range of 400−1200 °C, which is much lower than that (580 kJ/mol) reported for submicron/micron-sized 3YSZ. This is attributed to large oxygen-ion vacancy concentration in nano-3YSZ.
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Shukla et al. (2003) studied this question.
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