All data in the manuscript are publicly available and will be provided to the editorial office upon reasonable request. Figure S1. The PRIMSA diagram details our search and selection process applied during the overview. Figure S2. A traffic light plot depicting the quality assessment of each observational study using the ROBINS-I tool (generated by using Robvis tool). Figure S3. In Figure S3A, the forest plot displays the leave-one-out analysis of IL-6 (interleukin 6) levels. In Figure S3B, the forest plot depicts the leave-one-out analysis of Polymyalgia Rheumatica-Activity Score (PMR-AS). Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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Abdullah et al. (2025) studied this question.
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