Incorporation of Donar Dopant on BaTiO 3 (BTO) Perovskite Structure

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

The research was done to understand the influence of nano-sized donar dopant incorporation in barium titanate (BTO) structure. Core-shell structures are stated to form while dopants are added directly to BTO. Low diffusivity of ions in solid state results such core-shell structures. Pure BTO was doped with different concentration of niobium oxide (Nb2O5) (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mol %). Single stage sintering at 1250°C, 1275°C and 1300°C was initially chosen. Soaking time was varied from 0 to 2 hours. Sintered samples were taken for further characterization. Percent theoretical density (%TD) of the sintered samples was measured. Microstructure of the sintered samples was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Both temperature and frequency dependent dielectric property was measured using impedance analyzer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) was also performed. XRD confirmed the diffusion of Nb5+ ions into the BTO lattice. While impedance analyzer and DTA proved the shifting of Curie temperature (TC) from ~120°C to ~71°C. Enhanced dielectric property was observed by the addition of Nb2O5.