Undesired damages (e.g. corrosion, wear) always take place on the surfaces of materials, which may lead to the dramatical degradation of materials and cause disastrous failure. As described in the article, number 1901258, by Lai-Chang Zhang, Liang-Yu Chen, and Liqiang Wang, surface modification endows the materials with better surfaces to protect against the damages from the environment surrounded and extends their lifetime in service.
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Zhang et al. (2020) studied this question.
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