Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Design and characterization of a low temperature gradient and large displacement thermal actuators for in situ mechanical testing of nanoscale materials, Abbas, Khawar, Alaie, Seyedhamidreza, Leseman, Zayd C
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Abbas et al. (2012) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: