Conventional coal binders such as coal tar pitch and petroleum refinery residue provide agglomerates of satisfactory quality. However, their use has been banned for a quarter century due to their hazardous effect on human health and their contribution to air pollution. On the other hand, environmentally sound binders such as molasses, dextrin, etc. provide poor water-resistant agglomerates. In this research, coal-derived humic acid was used as coal binder. It was extracted from Afsin-Elbistan lignite by nitric acid oxidation and ammoniation processes. During briquetting, the effect of heat treatment, amount of binder added, particle size, pressure, and moisture content of the briquetting charge on the quality of the briquette have been investigated. The briquette produced at 165°C for 1 h heat treatment by adding 5% humic acid and 10.50% moisture showed that the radial compressive strength was 80 kg/briquette and abrasion resistance was 87.03%, with no water disintegration.
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Yıldırım et al. (2002) studied this question.