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The nipple and surrounding area, like other areas of skin, are subject to irritation, inflammation, and infection. Twenty women with persistent sore nipples were first seen by a lactation consultant and later referred to a dermatologist. The dermatologist successfully treated 18 of the 20 mothers. A lactation consultant should be able to identify those women who will benefit from evaluation and treatment by a dermatologist.
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Huggins et al. (1993) studied this question.
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