What does attachment theory tell us about working with distressing voices?

Drawing on attachment and dissociation literatures, we propose that disorganised internal working models and dissociative processes contribute to the development of voice-hearing. We then focus on how attachment theory can inform assessment, formulation and intervention with people with distressing voices, and as such, argue that attachment theory and its clinical implications should be a fundamental element of training and supervision for clinicians working with voice-hearers.