Broadband ultrasound transducers that utilize piezoelectric materials having an effectively graded piezoelectric parameter and/or an excitation electric field applied across the piezoelectric material are investigated. These transducers are constructed by forming a number of fine V-grooves on one surface of a piezoelectric plate. The broadband frequency characteristic of the proposed transducer is demonstrated by experiments of wave generation in water. Analysis by the finite-element method proves that even-order resonance modes are also excited in the plate with a grooved configuration.
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Yamada et al. (1999) studied this question.