Low-magnitude current-output sensors (LCS), which operate in the sub-microampere range, are widely used in scientific fields such as biomedical instrumentation, semiconductor development, space-weather studies, and plasma research. Plasma Diagnostic Probes (PDPs), a type of LCS, play a crucial role in studying plasma composition and characteristics. In space applications, they are used to investigate planetary ionospheres, solar flares, and space plasma environments. Additionally, PDPs are used to analyze plasma emissions from electric thrusters in spacecraft [1], where they are strategically placed at critical locations. Beyond space research, PDPs are also employed in the analysis of laboratory-generated plasmas, such as those produced by lasers.
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Nair et al. (2025) studied this question.
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