iFISH:a publically available resource enabling versatile DNA FISH to study genome architecture

DNA uorescence in situ hybridization \(DNA FISH) is a powerful method to study chromosomal organization in single cells.At present, there is a lack of free resources of DNA FISH probes and probe design tools, which can be readily applied.Here, we describe iFISH, an open-source repository currently comprising 380 DNA FISH probes targeting multiple loci on the human autosomes and chromosome X, as well as a genome-wide database of optimally designed oligonucleotides and a freely accessible web interface \(http://i sh4u.org) that can be used to design DNA FISH probes.We individually validated 153 probes in our repository, and harnessed our probe repository to quantify the extent of intermingling between multiple heterologous chromosome pairs, showing a much higher extent of intermingling in human embryonic stem cells compared to broblasts.In conclusion, iFISH is a versatile and expandable resource, which can greatly facilitate the use of DNA FISH in research and diagnostics.