IRF1 reduces new genes expression and diminishes cell proliferation and invasiveness in OSCC

IRF1 is a transcription factor, initially identified as part of the interferon response (IFN) pathway. It regulates genes involved in immune responses, cell growth, apoptosis, and DNA damage responses. However, the molecular basis of deregulated metabolism in OSCC progression is unknown. Although the controversial role of IRF1 in cancers has been reported, its function and underlying pathway mechanisms in OSCC cells have yet to be determined. Our studies found that IRF1 was highly expressed in OSCC. Knockdown of IRF1 expression led to reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion in OSCC cells. Furthermore, decreased expression of the IRF1 gene decreases the expression of important genes involved in cancer cell growth and the genes are highly expressed in OSCC tumors, correlating with IRF1 expression. These genes are CA2, NPNT, DPYD, FYB, CROCC, GBP4, and GBP2. Importantly, IRF1 could regulate the expression of key molecules involved in diminishes cell proliferation and invasiveness in OSCC cells. The results revealed the oncogenic role of IRF1 in OSCC cells and its underlying molecular mechanism, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target for treating OSCC.