Emerging 2D–Ti3C2Tx-MXene nanomaterial anchored on MIL-101(Cr) metal-organic framework as solid adsorbent for CO₂ capture under ambient conditions

The increasing accumulation of CO 2 in the atmosphere has intensified the need for efficient carbon dioxide capture materials. However, it is a challenge to come up with an optimum solid CO 2 adsorbent that can substitute chemical adsorption for large-scale applications. Among various solid sorbents, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) combined with newly emerging two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene, have attracted significant attention owing to their higher porosity, tunable structures, and large surface areas and physisorption mechanism. In this study, we describe the utilization of 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene anchored on MIL-101(Cr) MOF in solid form to evaluate their CO 2 adsorption performance using a fixed-bed adsorption column. Advanced characterization of the as-produced adsorbent is conducted using XRD, FTIR, SEM with EDS, TGA, and BET analysis to assess their surface morphology, surface groups, chemical composition, and surface properties. The synthesized composite showed a BET surface area of 2138 m 2 /g and a pore volume of ∼1.34 cm 3 /g. In the adsorption column, CO 2 breakthrough measurements were performed by a continuous CO 2 concentration (15 %) with an inlet flow of 40 mL/min at 1 atm and 25 °C. The CO 2 adsorption capacity (∼21 mg/g) was achieved by Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene/MIL-101 (Cr) at ambient conditions. This corresponds to ∼50 % better performance than pristine MIL-101 (Cr) at similar conditions. Moreover, the Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene/MIL-101 (Cr) offers good regeneration performance with no significant loss in CO 2 adsorption capacity in regenerative cycles. Finally, the novel work with good CO 2 adsorption results opens a new window of implications of emerging nanomaterials as a promising material platform for CO 2 capture applications for further investigation under direct air capture conditions (ultra-low CO 2 concentrations).