Key result
Newtonian glycerin solution yields up to ~37% higher pump head curve performance than non-Newtonian fluid.
Why the study?
The use of substitute fluids with similar rheological properties to blood is important for pump performance testing before clinical applications due to ethical concerns and high blood volume consumption.
Non-Newtonian fluids provide significantly different performance characteristics compared to Newtonian fluids in centrifugal blood pump testing, indicating they are necessary for accurate performance optimization.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Newtonian substitutes overestimate centrifugal pump head by up to 37%; leaves open whether non-Newtonian testing improves preclinical accuracy before clinical use.
The use of substitute fluid with similar rheological properties instead of blood is important due to ethical concerns and high blood volume consumption in pump performance test before clinical applications. The performance of a centrifugal blood pump with hydrodynamic journal bearing is experimentally tested using Newtonian 40% aqueous glycerin solution (GS) and non-Newtonian aqueous xanthan gum solution of 600 ppm (XGS) as working fluids. Experiments are performed at four different rotational speeds which are 2700, 3000, 3300, and 3600 rpm; experiments using GS reach between 8.5% and 37.2% higher head curve than experiments using the XGS for every rotational speed. It was observed that as the rotational speed and flow rate increase, the head curve difference between GS and XGS decreases. This result can be attributed to the friction reduction effect when using XGS in experiments at high rotation speed and high flow rate. Moreover, due to different fluid viscosities, differences in hydraulic efficiency were observed for both fluids. This study reveals that the use of Newtonian fluids as working fluids is not sufficient to determine the actual performance of a blood pump, and the performance effects of non-Newtonian fluids are remarkably important in pump performance optimizations.
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Önder et al. (2022) studied this question. Newtonian 40% aqueous glycerin solution (GS) vs. non-Newtonian aqueous xanthan gum solution of 600 ppm (XGS) was evaluated on Head curve performance (8.5% to 37.2% higher head curve). Experiments using Newtonian 40% aqueous glycerin solution reached between 8.5% and 37.2% higher head curve than non-Newtonian aqueous xanthan gum solution across rotational speeds.
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