Key result
BNT162b2 yields comparable immunogenicity in children with prior PIMS-TS versus healthy controls.
Why the study?
The immunogenicity of the COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine in children with a history of paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS) was not well characterized.
Does the COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine induce similar immunogenicity in children with a history of PIMS-TS compared to healthy controls?
Cohort (n=54)
Does the COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine induce similar immunogenicity in children with a history of PIMS-TS compared to healthy controls?
Absolute Event Rate: 3879.14% vs 3704.87%
The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is highly immunogenic in children with a history of PIMS-TS, with antibody responses comparable to healthy controls.
Comparable immunogenicity supports vaccination consideration post-PIMS-TS; leaves open long-term protection and clinical outcomes.
We conducted a prospective cohort study of 20 patients with a history of paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS group, median age seven years, 70% male) and 34 healthy controls without such a history (CONTROL group, median age eight years, 38% male) aged 5-12 years, to assess the immunogenicity of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (Comirnaty®). Patients received two doses of COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (10 ug/dose) 21 days apart. Pre-vaccine anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were measured on the day of the first dose and at the median of 23 days after the second dose. The study was conducted during the COVID-19 wave dominated by the Omicron variant of the virus. Anti-NCP SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were measured twice to evaluate incidents of infection during the study period. Pre-vaccine quantification of both types of antibodies allowed us to differentiate patients into COVID-19 naive and previously infected in order to compare hybrid immunity with vaccine-induced immunity. Before vaccination, anti-S IgG serum geometric mean concentration (GMC) was 61.17 BAU/ml in the PIMS group and 24.97 in the CONTROL group, while post-vaccination GMC was 3879.14 BAU/ml and 3704.87 BAU/ml, respectively, and did not significantly differ between the groups. Hybrid immunity (regardless of PIMS history) resulted in a higher concentration of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S antibodies after vaccination. Four (20%) of the children in the PIMS group and 11 (32%) in the CONTROL group got infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the study period, yet all of them asymptomatically, and this event has not significantly altered post-vaccination anti-S titers. In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccination was highly immunogenic in children, including those with a history of PIMS-TS; hybrid immunity overperforms vaccine-induced immunity in terms of serological response in children. However, vaccination effectiveness in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections in children should be further evaluated.
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Ludwikowska et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS) (n=54). COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine vs. Healthy controls without a history of PIMS-TS was evaluated on Post-vaccination anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG serum geometric mean concentration (GMC) in BAU/ml. COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccination was highly immunogenic, with post-vaccination anti-S IgG concentrations not significantly differing between children with a history of PIMS-TS (3879.14 BAU/ml) and healthy controls (3704.87 BAU/ml).
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