Non-native and spreading craneflies in Europe: A review, with first and additional records

Despite the more than 15.700 known cranefly species, only a few species have been identified or hypothesized as non-native species. However, in recent years, reports of non-native craneflies in Europe have increased significantly. This work provides a comprehensive list of species either confirmed or suspected to be non-native in Europe, as well as native species that have recently appeared in new countries and are expanding their distribution ranges. Additionally, Atypophthalmus umbratus (de Meijere, 1911) has been reported for the first time in Denmark, within greenhouse environments. Gnophomyia tristissima Osten Sacken, 1860 was observed in a natural habitat in Hungary, marking the second European occurrence of this species. Rhipidia (Rhipidia) domestica Osten Sacken, 1860, and Nephrotoma suturalis wulpiana (Bergroth, 1888) were found in Romania, originating from a plant shop. Furthermore, Tipula (Pterelachisus) trifascingulata Theowald, 1980, from Luxembourg, and Nephrotoma quadrifaria quadrifaria (Meigen, 1804), from Northern European Russia, are reported here for the first time. Achyrolimonia neonebulosa (Alexander, 1924), another recently spearing species, was discovered trapped on the leaves of sundews (Drosera spp.) in the same plant shop where R. domestica and N. s. wulpiana were collected in Romania. These findings underscore the likelihood that these species have already become widely dispersed through plant trade across Europe.