The Crandall Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire: a British Validation Study

A sample of over one thousand British primary schoolchildren completed the Crandall Intellectual Achievement Responsibility questionnaire. Comparisons with earlier American data provided results which suggested similarities. The Crandall scale is more closely related to attainment than to intelligence. Results are seen as indicating that high internalized reinforcement responsibility in academic situations acts as a motivating variable for attainment relatively independent of intelligence.