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Soft x-ray spectra (40–180 Å) produced by the interaction of 25 fs laser pulses at an intensity of ∼7×1016 W/cm2 with a cryogenically cooled Ar gas jet have been measured. New spectral lines from Ar8+ and Ar9+ charge states appeared with decreasing gas temperature. Nonlinear increase of x-ray line emission from Ar7+, Ar8+, and Ar9+ was observed with cooling, which saturated below certain temperature. The drastic change in the spectrum is attributed to efficient collisional heating and collisional ionization of growing (102–103 atoms) Ar clusters from the cooled jet.
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Mocek et al. (2000) studied this question.
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