Quantum Fluctuation of Pinned Charge Density Waves vs Superconducting Fluctuation in One-Dimensional Conductors

Effect of quantum fluctuation on impurity pinning of charge density wave is studied by applying the quantum Monte Carlo method to the Fukuyama-Lee model in one dimension. Existence of metastable states near the ground state and the quantum-mechanical fluctuation between them are demonstrated. A new formulation to treat the superconducting fluctuation is presented and it is shown that the competition between charge density and superconducting fluctuations is strongly affected by the local degree of pinning.