Monodisperse porous polymer particles: Formation of the porous structure

Monodisperse porous styrene‐divinylbenzene copolymer particles were prepared via seeded emulsion polymerization using a mixture of linear polymer (polystyrene seed) and non‐solvent as inert diluent. Experimental evidence was presented to describe the mechanism of formation of porous polymer particles during the copolymerization and solvent extraction stages, in which porosity was a consequence of phase separation in the presence of diluents. Pore structure formation was investigated by changes in copolymerization kinetics, gel content, crosslinking density, particle morphology, surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution. The process of copolymerization was presented, based on the concepts of production, agglomeration, and fixation of the interior gel microspheres of polymer particles. A portion of linear polymer used as diluent was found to participate in the network structure while the porous matrix was built‐up. The influence of the removal of the linear polymer from the matrix pores during the solvent extraction process on the porous structure was also discussed.