Efficacy of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in adults with congenital heart disease: A meta-analysis of clinical outcomes

Figures

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  Figure 1. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses flowchart for study identification and selection. The original database search resulted in 444 studies from seven databases searched, namely PubMed, Epistemonikos, EBSCO, Scopus, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. Through title and abstract screening, 409 articles were removed, and 35 articles were screened for duplication. Duplicate screening resulted in 12 removed articles. Twenty-three articles were further assessed for eligibility, and eight articles were removed due to irrelevant outcomes and insufficient detail for further analysis. The final step resulted in 15 clinical trials included in the meta-analysis

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  Figure 2. Risk of bias summary using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool. The green region represents studies with a low risk of bias, the yellow region shows studies with moderate risk of bias, the red region shows studies with a high risk of bias, and the blue region shows the absence of information throughout the study assessed

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  Figure 3. Forest plot of the success rate of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in adults with congenital heart disease, represented as events per 100 observations. The blue square and solid lines represent the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The size of the squares indicates the weight of each study. The black rhombus indicates the pooled estimate with 95% confidence intervals

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  Figure 4. Forest plot of secondary ablation procedure rate of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in adults with congenital heart disease, represented as events per 100 observations. The blue square and solid lines represent the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The size of the squares indicates the weight of each study. The black rhombus indicates the pooled estimate with 95% confidence intervals

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  Figure 5. Forest plot of the major complication rate of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in adults with congenital heart disease, represented as events per 100 observations. The blue square and solid lines represent the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The size of the squares indicates the weight of each study. The black rhombus indicates the pooled estimate with 95% confidence intervals

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  Figure 6. Forest plot of the minor complications rate of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in adults with congenital heart disease, represented as events per 100 observations. The blue square and solid lines represent the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The size of the squares indicates the weight of each study. The black rhombus indicates the pooled estimate with 95% confidence intervals

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  Figure 7. Forest plot of the overall arrhythmia recurrence rate of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in adults with congenital heart disease, represented as events per 100 observations. The blue square and solid lines represent the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The size of the squares indicates the weight of each study. The black rhombus indicates the pooled estimate with 95% confidence intervals

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  Figure 8. Forest plot of intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia rate of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in adults with congenital heart disease, represented as events per 100 observations. The blue square and solid lines represent the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The size of the squares indicates the weight of each study. The black rhombus indicates the pooled estimate with 95% confidence intervals

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  Figure 9. Forest plot of atrial fibrillation rate of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in adults with congenital heart disease, represented as events per 100 observations. The blue square and solid lines represent the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The size of the squares indicates the weight of each study. The black rhombus indicates the pooled estimate with 95% confidence intervals

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  Figure 10. Forest plot of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia rate of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in adults with congenital heart disease, represented as events per 100 observations. The blue square and solid lines represent the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The size of the squares indicates the weight of each study. The black rhombus indicates the pooled estimate with 95% confidence intervals

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  Figure 11. Forest plot of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillators implantation rate of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in adults with congenital heart disease, represented as events per 100 observations. The blue square and solid lines represent the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The size of the squares indicates the weight of each study. The black rhombus indicates the pooled estimate with 95% confidence intervals