Building Grading Systems: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

Significant developments of green building grading systems have occurred since the 1990s in terms of coverage, principle and mathematical models from simple certification to project-specific weighing. Despite a plethora of tools, the selection of the most appropriate tool to suit project-specific needs is difficult and confusing for the practitioner. For higher efficiency, a few recent schemes have been adopted including an elementary structure compared to contemporary counterparts. Reluctance, insufficient transparency and complexity are the main hurdles for global application. The increased worldwide focus on sustainability has often overlooked major issues of buildability and maintainability. This comprehensive and systematic review of existing building grading systems and tools intends to serve as a guideline and reference in developing a comprehensive, international assessment system to bridge this knowledge and applicability gap.