The Role of Probiotics in Cancer Prevention a Mini-Review of Their Mechanisms and Protective Potential

This mini-review summarizes the role of gut microbiota and probiotics in cancer prevention and treatment. The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract hosts a complex microbiota, which are crucial for maintaining health. Dysbiosis, caused by factors such as poor diet, stress, and medication, is linked to increased cancer risk due to inflammatory responses. Probiotics, beneficial bacteria, help restore microbial balance and exhibit anticancer properties by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting oncogenes, and enhancing the immune system. Specific probiotic strains like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have shown potential in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and regulating immune functions. Additionally, the gut-brain axis underscores the importance of the microbiome in both physical and mental health. Probiotics also aid in managing chemotherapy side effects and preventing complications like diarrhea and mucositis. Despite promising findings, further research is needed to fully understand the safety and efficacy of probiotics in cancer therapy, as their effects may vary based on cancer type and stage.