Key result
Second-order sliding mode control keeps cyclist heart rates within 10 bpm of target.
Why the study?
A heart rate control system for bicycles with continuously varying transmission to maintain constant physical effort throughout trips was needed.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
A second-order sliding mode controller can effectively regulate a cyclist's heart rate within 10 bpm of a target by adjusting a continuously varying transmission.
This paper addresses the design of a heart rate (HR) control system for a bicycle equipped with a continuously varying transmission. The control system helps the cyclist maintain a constant physical effort throughout the trip. A complete model of the entire system (bicycle, cyclist, and HR dynamics) is derived, identified, and validated using experimental data. The model is the basis for the development of two controllers. A proportional-integral controller and a second-order sliding mode (SOSM) controller. The two controllers are analyzed, concluding that the SOSM controller offers better robustness against unmodeled dynamics and disturbances. The SOSM controller is finally exhaustively tested on two subjects in real-world conditions. With the proposed systems, the riders are capable of keeping their HR within 10 bpm from the desired one.
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Corno et al. (2014) studied this question. Second-order sliding mode (SOSM) controller for bicycle heart rate regulation was evaluated on Maintaining heart rate within desired range. A second-order sliding mode controller enabled bicycle riders to maintain their heart rate within 10 bpm of the desired target in real-world conditions.
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