Approaches to the Integration of Electrochemistry and Biotechnology: I. Enzyme‐Modified Reticulated Vitreous Carbon Electrodes

The development of three‐dimensional, enzyme‐modified electrodes capable of biochemical transformations at high rate is discussed. Reticulated vitreous carbon coated with poly(aniline) has been used as a substrate for the adsorption of horseradish peroxidase which was then immobilized with a layer of poly(1,2‐diaminobenzene). More stable modified electrodes resulted if the horseradish peroxidase was also cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde. Using the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (2.4 m M ) as a model reaction, it is demonstrated that such electrodes operate under partial mass transport control and give a current of ∼40 mA cm−3 of 60 ppi reticulated vitreous carbon.