Outcomes of Home-Isolated COVID-19 Patients and Risk Factors Associated With the Adverse Outcomes: Longitudinal Retrospective Study in Shimoga, Karnataka

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Background: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Research indicates that individuals who succumb to the disease are often older, predominantly male, and more likely to have underlying health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular, or respiratory diseases. This highlights the importance of identifying risk factors across different populations and settings. Objective: To assess the proportion of different outcomes such as recovery, hospitalization, and mortality among home isolated covid-19 patients and to determine various risk factors associated with COVID-19 adverse outcome. Methodology: This study was conducted at Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka. Patient details, including contact information, were obtained from the triage records. Data collection was done through structured telephonic interviews. Results: A total of 168 people participated in this study, with 94 men (55.4%) and 74 women (44.6%). More than 90% of home-isolated patients recovered without complications. However, 10.75% required hospitalization, and 3% succumbed to the disease. Comorbidities were reported in 37% of the patients. Conclusion: Hospitalization was more frequent among older individuals, males, and those with comorbidities. Mortality risk was particularly higher in hospitalized patients with advanced age and existing health conditions. Although most home-isolated patients recovered, the fact that over 10% required escalation of care underlines the importance of vigilant monitoring. Timely intervention for home-isolated patients could significantly reduce adverse outcomes and save lives.