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Numerous network analysts think the Internet has entered a new era in which those who provide content and those who provide customers are creating new exchange and peering architectures that could effectively cut out entities that provide neither. One report shows tremendous consolidation of traffic origin and a change in the type of organizations behind that traffic. However, while such consolidation and increased negotiating and peering power have resulted in a new economic and engineering topology in the network core, some are concerned this new topology's future could be greatly affected by the net neutrality issue. Additionally, how reengineering the network's peering architecture will benefit the last mile remains a vexing issue.
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Greg Goth (2010) studied this question.
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