A novel strategy for temporary caval flow diversion and embolic protection during resection of advanced renal cell carcinoma

Figures

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  Fig 1. Preoperative computed tomography scan of patient 1, depicting extension of thrombus (blue arrow) in the inferior vena cava on: coronal view (A) and axial view (B).

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  Fig 2. Pretreatment venogram of the inferior vena cava in patient 1 depicting (A) tumor thrombus burden (blue arrow) and (B) ProTrieve sheath (blue solid arrow), ProTrieve mesh filter (blue dashed arrow) and thrombus cap (blue dotted arrow).

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  Fig 3. Embolic thrombus from patient 1 observed (A) in ProTrieve sheath in inferior vena cava via intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (B) in ProTrieve sheath after removal (C) after aspiration from ProTrieve catheter.

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  Fig 4. Preoperative computed tomography scan of patient 2, depicting extension of thrombus (blue arrow) in the inferior vena cava on (A) coronal view and (B) axial view.

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  Fig 5. Pretreatment venogram of the inferior vena cava in patient two depicting (A) tumor thrombus burden (blue arrow) and (B) ProTrieve sheath (blue solid arrow), Protrieve mesh filter (blue dashed arrow) and thrombus cap (blue dotted arrow).