Key result
PPM and ICD implantation frequently leads to venous obstruction, though most cases remain asymptomatic.
Why the study?
Venous obstruction is a relatively frequent but often asymptomatic complication following permanent pacemaker or ICD implantation, with unclear exact risk factors and management strategies.
Venous obstruction is a frequent but often asymptomatic complication of pacemaker or ICD implantation, manageable with anticoagulation or interventions like venoplasty when symptomatic.
May support anticoagulation for symptomatic post-implant venous obstruction; leaves open optimal screening and prevention strategies.
Venous obstruction is relatively frequent following permanent pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. However, most of them are asymptomatic. Although the exact risk factor for this complication is not known, number of leads, heart failure and infection may prone the patient to this complication. The goal standard for detection of vein stenosis is venography; however, ultrasound sonography has an acceptable accuracy. Anticoagulant therapy may be considered for symptomatic patients. For device upgrading, non-functional leads removal, venoplasty and rarely surgical treatment may be indicated.
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Mohammad Ali Akbarzadeh (2016) conducted a review in Venous obstruction following permanent pacemaker or ICD implantation. Permanent pacemaker or ICD implantation was evaluated. Venous obstruction following permanent pacemaker or ICD implantation is a relatively frequent but mostly asymptomatic complication, with venography serving as the gold standard for detection.
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