A laminin–apatite composite layer (see Figure) with superior cell-adhesion properties that has been formed on the surface of titanium metal without denaturation of the laminin is reported. Application of the composite to titanium materials is expected to prevent bacterial infection, and it is therefore believed that this material could be useful for percutaneous implants, such as artificial tooth roots or skin terminals.
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Uchida et al. (2004) studied this question.
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