Beyond Awareness: Barriers and Determinants of Lifestyle and Medication Adherence after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background: Adherence to lifestyle modifications and prescribed medications is essential for optimal recovery following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, many patients find it difficult to sustain these recommendations over time. Nonadherence to diet, exercise, and medication regimens among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients after CABG remains a significant global healthcare concern. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of nonadherence to lifestyle modifications and medications in patients with CHD following CABG surgery. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 340 post-CABG patients. Adherence to diet, exercise, and medications was assessed using a structured questionnaire 2 months after surgery. Dietary adherence was measured using a Likert-based composite score. Statistical associations were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Overall, adherence was moderate. The mean dietary adherence score was 13.14 ± 2.1, with 32% showing good adherence, 50% moderate, and 18% poor adherence. Although 69% of patients understood the benefits of exercise, only 45% engaged in regular physical activity. Medication nonadherence was also common, mainly due to perceived treatment burden (39.7%) and forgetfulness (30.3%). Poor dietary adherence was significantly associated with hypertension ( P = 0.002) and diabetes ( P = 0.01). Common barriers included busy lifestyles (61.5%), lack of motivation (55.6%), and psychological factors such as stress and fear of side effects. Conclusion: Adherence among post-CABG patients remains suboptimal despite good awareness. Addressing everyday barriers and providing patient-centered support may help improve long-term outcomes.