An exact-scattering-theory calculation for the density of electrons around localized impurities in bulk metals for arbitrary transport current is performed within the noninteracting-Fermi-gas approximation. To first order in the transport current, one recovers the Landauer residual-resistivity dipole plus additional Friedel oscillations. Numerical calculations for the density at arbitrary currents are performed for the one-, two-, and three-dimensional case.
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Zwerger et al. (1991) studied this question.
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