Conversion of ethanol to n -butanol is of great significance in ethanol upgrading, and multiple sites of metals and oxides are generally coupled for this cascade reaction. Herein, we dispersed Ni and CeO 2 sites on different carbon supports with the aim of getting insight into the effect of metal dispersion and interactions on the conversion of ethanol to n -butanol. Our results revealed that the dispersion of Ni and CeO 2 was crucial to ethanol conversion and n -butanol selectivity. The activated carbon (AC) had a high specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups, which benefited the dispersion of Ni and CeO 2 species and created balanced Ni 0 /Ni 2+ sites, weak acid and strong base sites for the hydrogen transfer and aldol condensation reactions. Additionally, the stability of catalyst was determined by the interaction between Ni and CeO 2 species. Over the NiCeO 2 /AC catalyst, Ni and CeO 2 species strongly interacted, which depressed the carbonation of CeO 2 and maintained its high stability.
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Wang et al. (2020) studied this question.
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