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This letter proposes a new scheme of phase-shifted carrier pulse-width modulation for the modular multilevel converter with redundancy submodules (SMs). The proposed scheme can offer a smooth transition for the redundancy SM from the standby state to the startup operation when normally operating down. The operational feasibility of the proposed scheme was first verified through simulations with PSCAD/EMTDC, and then hardware-in-the-loop system tests with the real-time digital simulator.
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Choi et al. (2015) studied this question.
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