Evaluation of serum vitamin D in patients with different stages and grades of periodontitis

The regulatory role of vitamin D in bone metabolism and immune regulation is well documented. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D levels, bone metabolism biomarkers and panoramic morphometric indices in periodontitis patients categorized with stage and grade classification. A total of 136 patients diagnosed with periodontitis were categorized into two groups according to stage classification (Stage I/II and Stage III/IV) and into two groups according to grade classification (Grade B and Grade C). Serum levels of vitamin D and bone–related biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone) were measured through blood venous samples. Mandibular Cortical Index and Mental Index were evaluated on digital panoramic radiographs to assess mandibular cortical morphology and cortical thickness, respectively. Statistical analyses was performed at a significance level of p < 0.05. There were no statistically significant differences in serum vitamin D levels, bone-related biochemical markers, or radiomorphometric indices between stage groups or grade groups. Grade B group had a significantly higher median age than Grade C group. In this cross-sectional study, the analyses showed no significant differences in biological or radiological markers. Further longitudinal studies with larger cohorts are warranted to clarify whether these biomarkers are associated with the current periodontitis classification system. Not applicable