Condition monitoring approaches for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers based on vibration signals

Safe and efficient operation of electrolyzers, particularly at industrial scale, requires reliable condition monitoring strategies. One approach that complements established condition monitoring techniques is vibration-based monitoring using acceleration sensors. However, their effective application depends on a comprehensive understanding of how operating conditions, as well as potential defects, influence the measured vibration signals. This study systematically investigates the relationship between different operating conditions and the resulting vibration response of a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer. In addition, characteristic signal patterns are attributed to the associated physical phenomena in order to enable a meaningful interpretation of the measurement data. The potential of vibration analysis for the monitoring of preload in bolted joints is evaluated. Maintaining adequate bolt preload is essential for ensuring leak-tight operation. The study shows that changes in preload manifest in distinct vibration signatures.