Spatial Distribution of Species Richness of Native and Alien Fungi on Trees of the Southern Urals

The spatial distribution of native and alien species of wood-inhabiting aphyllophoroid fungi in the Southern Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk and Orenburg oblasts) under conditions of climate change and intensified anthropogenic impact is analyzed. The composition of alien species is studied for the first time, and eight of them (Botryobasidium curtisii, Byssomerulius hirtellus, Coronicium gemmiferum, Fulvifomes robiniae, Gloeomyces dextrinoideocerus satus, Sertulicium granuliferum, Trechinotus smardae, and Tulasnella albida) are identified in the Urals for the first time. Alien fungi have been identified on 50 species of trees and shrubs, including 40 alien and 10 native plant species. Mycobiota species richness is mapped in three model regions, using 50 × 50 km cells, for the first time. Fungal species richness increases in natural areas from steppes to hemiboreal and mountain-boreal forests with increasing crown density and tree biomass. Anthropogenic habitats also serve as hot spots for species richness. The difference in the mean species richness between anthropogenic and natural areas decreases with the rise in the area under forest: the parameter is almost three times higher in steppes and is near zero in nemoral and hemiboreal forests. In mountain-boreal forests, natural areas are only slightly richer. Particular attention is paid to the development of mycobiota blacklists for the model regions. The results of the study are important for developing programs to protect forests and preserve the sustainability of green spaces in the Southern Urals.